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Relatórios Técnicos


Digital Fraud as a Public Security Issue: How Meta Profits from Fraudulent Ads About Public Policies
Data from 2026 indicate that becoming a victim of an online scam — that is, losing money over the internet or through a mobile phone — is among Brazilians’ main concerns, surpassing worries associated with urban violence. Electronic fraud already surpasses robbery in the number of reported cases in Brazil and finds its main channel for reaching victims on social media platforms. The Pix Scams study, conducted by cybersecurity company Silverguard, found that 79% of reported fi
Aug 4


Without Consent: Social Media Ads Promote Fake Sexual Videos of Paolla Oliveira Created Using Artificial Intelligence
Generative artificial intelligence has made it easier to produce and disseminate non-consensual intimate images, exacerbating sexual violence against women due to the low cost, widespread availability of these tools, and the ease with which images can be distributed across digital platforms. In recent years, NetLab UFRJ has identified the promotion of fraudulent and abusive advertisements on social media platforms, which profit from their distribution and expand their reach t
Aug 2


“A New Chance to Get Your Finances Back on Track!”: New Desenrola Brasil Program Accompanied by Increase in Fraudulent Ads
Fraudulent advertisements can be understood as a disinformation strategy based on paid content and social engineering techniques to generate revenue, causing financial and reputational harm to users. On social media, this type of advertising often relies on sensationalist language, promises of unrealistic results, prices or discounts far below market value, and AI-manipulated images. Scammers also create fake profiles that imitate official pages or pose as qualified professio
Jul 30


Ads About Brazil’s Supreme Court Reach an All-Time High on Meta Platforms in 2026
Nos últimos anos, o Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF), especialmente na figura de seus ministros, tornou-se um dos principais focos do debate político online no Brasil, refletindo a crescente polarização em torno de temas sociais e institucionais. As plataformas de redes sociais, especialmente por meio da publicidade paga, passaram a desempenhar um papel central nesse processo, permitindo que diferentes atores ampliem o alcance de campanhas, narrativas e disputas em torno da Cor
Jul 9
Relatórios Técnicos


Digital Fraud as a Public Security Issue: How Meta Profits from Fraudulent Ads About Public Policies
Data from 2026 indicate that becoming a victim of an online scam — that is, losing money over the internet or through a mobile phone — is among Brazilians’ main concerns, surpassing worries associated with urban violence. Electronic fraud already surpasses robbery in the number of reported cases in Brazil and finds its main channel for reaching victims on social media platforms. The Pix Scams study, conducted by cybersecurity company Silverguard, found that 79% of reported fi
Aug 4


Without Consent: Social Media Ads Promote Fake Sexual Videos of Paolla Oliveira Created Using Artificial Intelligence
Generative artificial intelligence has made it easier to produce and disseminate non-consensual intimate images, exacerbating sexual violence against women due to the low cost, widespread availability of these tools, and the ease with which images can be distributed across digital platforms. In recent years, NetLab UFRJ has identified the promotion of fraudulent and abusive advertisements on social media platforms, which profit from their distribution and expand their reach t
Aug 2


“A New Chance to Get Your Finances Back on Track!”: New Desenrola Brasil Program Accompanied by Increase in Fraudulent Ads
Fraudulent advertisements can be understood as a disinformation strategy based on paid content and social engineering techniques to generate revenue, causing financial and reputational harm to users. On social media, this type of advertising often relies on sensationalist language, promises of unrealistic results, prices or discounts far below market value, and AI-manipulated images. Scammers also create fake profiles that imitate official pages or pose as qualified professio
Jul 30


Ads About Brazil’s Supreme Court Reach an All-Time High on Meta Platforms in 2026
Nos últimos anos, o Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF), especialmente na figura de seus ministros, tornou-se um dos principais focos do debate político online no Brasil, refletindo a crescente polarização em torno de temas sociais e institucionais. As plataformas de redes sociais, especialmente por meio da publicidade paga, passaram a desempenhar um papel central nesse processo, permitindo que diferentes atores ampliem o alcance de campanhas, narrativas e disputas em torno da Cor
Jul 9
Publicações Acadêmicas


Of Politics and Playbooks: Silencing Disinformation Research(ers) in Times of Autocracy
Taylor & Francis The enforced demise of Clyde Miller’s Institute for Propaganda Analysis—shut down in 1942 under accusations of communist sympathy and insufficient loyalty to the American ideal—resonates today amid coordinated campaigns to silence disinformation researchers. This essay examines these campaigns, focusing particularly on Brazil. It begins by situating disinformation research within a matrix of democracy and autocracy, arguing that under current conditions, disi
Aug 12


Mapping COVID-19 information and political dynamics on X/Twitter through graph-embedding cartography of large retweet networks
Applied Network Science This paper examines political communication on Brazilian X/Twitter during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic, a period marked by tensions between federal authorities, state governors, and media actors. We consider how the platform reflects the circulation of policy-related narratives, including controversial positions such as early treatment with hydroxychloroquine. To support the analysis of large-scale interaction data, we construct a retweet
Jul 23


Unequal data access regimes in social media
Political Communication Report The current digital architecture is largely grounded in data regimes, sociotechnical ecosystems that regulate the relationship between digital infrastructures, our online footprint, and private appropriation of public data. Under the current data regime, public social media data is not a freely accessible digital common (Fuster Morell, 2010) but part of broader digital enclosures through which technological corporations extract and fence off com
Jul 15


Brazil’s supreme court on content moderation: national sovereignty versus tech oligarchy
Taylor & Francis Tech oligarchy arises when platform companies are dominated to a singular extent by a small group of very powerful and extremely wealthy men who have played uniquely influential roles in structuring technological development … that align with their personal beliefs and who now wield unprecedented informational, sociotechnical, and political power. (Cohen, 2025) Cohen’s landmark intervention refracts a contemporary zeitgeist of elite capture in which concentr
Jul 13
Publicações Acadêmicas


Of Politics and Playbooks: Silencing Disinformation Research(ers) in Times of Autocracy
Taylor & Francis The enforced demise of Clyde Miller’s Institute for Propaganda Analysis—shut down in 1942 under accusations of communist sympathy and insufficient loyalty to the American ideal—resonates today amid coordinated campaigns to silence disinformation researchers. This essay examines these campaigns, focusing particularly on Brazil. It begins by situating disinformation research within a matrix of democracy and autocracy, arguing that under current conditions, disi
Aug 12


Mapping COVID-19 information and political dynamics on X/Twitter through graph-embedding cartography of large retweet networks
Applied Network Science This paper examines political communication on Brazilian X/Twitter during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic, a period marked by tensions between federal authorities, state governors, and media actors. We consider how the platform reflects the circulation of policy-related narratives, including controversial positions such as early treatment with hydroxychloroquine. To support the analysis of large-scale interaction data, we construct a retweet
Jul 23


Unequal data access regimes in social media
Political Communication Report The current digital architecture is largely grounded in data regimes, sociotechnical ecosystems that regulate the relationship between digital infrastructures, our online footprint, and private appropriation of public data. Under the current data regime, public social media data is not a freely accessible digital common (Fuster Morell, 2010) but part of broader digital enclosures through which technological corporations extract and fence off com
Jul 15


Brazil’s supreme court on content moderation: national sovereignty versus tech oligarchy
Taylor & Francis Tech oligarchy arises when platform companies are dominated to a singular extent by a small group of very powerful and extremely wealthy men who have played uniquely influential roles in structuring technological development … that align with their personal beliefs and who now wield unprecedented informational, sociotechnical, and political power. (Cohen, 2025) Cohen’s landmark intervention refracts a contemporary zeitgeist of elite capture in which concentr
Jul 13
Livros


Hit by Social Media: The Impacts of the Disinformation Industry on Brazilian Consumers
Editora Sulina This book is the result of research conducted by the Observatory of the Disinformation Industry and its Impact on Consumer...
Jun 10, 2025


Routledge Handbook of the Influence Industry "Brazil's Far-Right 'Media Literacy' Campaign: Delegitimizing The Press For Profit"
Routledge Taylor & Francis Group The Routledge Handbook of the Influencer Industry provides the first comprehensive examination of the...
Apr 30, 2024


Platformization, Artificial Intelligence and Data Sovereignty: Technology in Brazil 2020-2030
Ação Educativa The General Research Coordinator of NetLab UFRJ, Débora Salles, is present in the book “Platformization, Artificial...
Dec 20, 2023


Bots: Elgar Encyclopedia of Technology and Politics
The Elgar Encyclopedia of Technology and Politics The Elgar Encyclopedia of Technology and Politics is a landmark resource that offers a...
Oct 11, 2022
Livros


Hit by Social Media: The Impacts of the Disinformation Industry on Brazilian Consumers
Editora Sulina This book is the result of research conducted by the Observatory of the Disinformation Industry and its Impact on Consumer...
Jun 10, 2025


Routledge Handbook of the Influence Industry "Brazil's Far-Right 'Media Literacy' Campaign: Delegitimizing The Press For Profit"
Routledge Taylor & Francis Group The Routledge Handbook of the Influencer Industry provides the first comprehensive examination of the...
Apr 30, 2024


Platformization, Artificial Intelligence and Data Sovereignty: Technology in Brazil 2020-2030
Ação Educativa The General Research Coordinator of NetLab UFRJ, Débora Salles, is present in the book “Platformization, Artificial...
Dec 20, 2023


Bots: Elgar Encyclopedia of Technology and Politics
The Elgar Encyclopedia of Technology and Politics The Elgar Encyclopedia of Technology and Politics is a landmark resource that offers a...
Oct 11, 2022
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